{"id":8625,"date":"2013-12-04T08:00:17","date_gmt":"2013-12-04T13:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/?p=8625"},"modified":"2013-12-03T19:38:55","modified_gmt":"2013-12-04T00:38:55","slug":"african-americans-recap-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2013\/12\/04\/african-americans-recap-6\/","title":{"rendered":"The African Americans: Rubenstein Recap #6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Each Tuesday, PBS is showing the next installment of a six-part series,<em>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross\/\">The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross<\/a><\/em>. Written and narrated by Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., the documentary traces African American history from the shores of West Africa to the election of Barack Obama. Join us each week as we feature documents from the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/franklin\/index.html\">John Hope Franklin Research Center<\/a>\u00a0that resonate with the previous week\u2019s episode.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The final episode of <i>The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross<\/i>, &#8220;A More Perfect Union (1968 &#8211; 2013),&#8221; explored African Americans\u2019 strides in the wake of the civil rights movement against the backdrop of deeply rooted inequalities that persist into the present. The extraordinary civil rights gains of the 1960s did little to undo the economic barriers facing black Americans. Black power \u2013 the dream to empower African Americans political and economically \u2013 became the rallying cry of the 1970s. During that decade, the Black Panther Party for Self Defense started community programs in Oakland, CA, while cultural nationalists embraced African heritage and art to spread the message that black was beautiful.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8627\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8627\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-TaylorWalter001-web.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8627\" alt=\"The Gwen Lewis Afro-American Company, a dance company in Oakland, was part of a flourishing black arts movement in the 1970s that saw reclaiming African heritage as part of the liberation struggle.\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-TaylorWalter001-web.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-TaylorWalter001-web.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-TaylorWalter001-web-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gwen Lewis Afro-American Company, a dance company in Oakland, was part of a flourishing black arts movement in the 1970s that saw reclaiming African heritage as part of the liberation struggle. Walter J. Taylor Papers, 1934 \u2013 2000.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Affirmative action programs gave some African Americans the chance to attend elite colleges and climb corporate ladders and helped fuel a growing black middle class.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8628\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8628\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-BlackStudentAlliance.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8628\" alt=\"The Black Student Alliance at Duke was formed in 1969 and continued to provide support and represent the interest of African American students throughout the following decades. This 1981 newsletter, called The Grapevine, reminding black students that they are part of a community and urging them to reach out to both black faculty and black workers on Duke\u2019s Campus.\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-BlackStudentAlliance.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"777\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-BlackStudentAlliance.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-BlackStudentAlliance-231x300.jpg 231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8628\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Black Student Alliance at Duke was formed in 1969 and continued to provide support and represent the interest of African American students throughout the following decades. This 1981 newsletter, called The Grapevine, reminding black students that they are part of a community and urging them to reach out to both black faculty and black workers on Duke\u2019s Campus. Black Student Alliance records, 1969 \u2013 2006.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But throughout the 1980s, the majority of black Americans found no escape from the poverty and unemployment that confined them to abandoned inner cities and rural areas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8633\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8633\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa004-we.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8633\" alt=\"This list of observations drawn up by the Black Caucus, a labor group focused on African American workers, in 1984 laid out the tremendous barriers facing black workers twenty years after the civil rights movement.\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa004-we.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa004-we.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa004-we-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8633\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This list of observations drawn up by the Black Caucus, a labor group focused on African American workers, in 1984 laid out the tremendous barriers facing black workers twenty years after the civil rights movement. Theresa El-Amin Papers, 1960s \u2013 2010.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8632\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8632\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa002-we.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8632\" alt=\"This 1987 calendar, published by the Black Seed organization, maps out the progression of the black liberation struggle. After the rising poverty and drug wars of the 1980s, the arms of the clock read that it\u2019s revolution time.\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa002-we.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa002-we.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2013\/12\/AAMR-6-El-AminTheresa002-we-300x229.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8632\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This 1987 calendar, published by the Black Seed organization, maps out the progression of the black liberation struggle. After the rising poverty and drug wars of the 1980s, the arms of the clock read that it\u2019s revolution time. Theresa El-Amin Papers, 1960s \u2013 2010.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ronald Reagan\u2019s War on Drugs then targeted poor black neighborhoods and sent hundreds of thousands of black men to prison with harsh sentencing laws, a reality that lead to numerous legal battles in the last thirty years. Yet when Barack Obama was elected president in 2008, he fulfilled the dreams of centuries of African Americans. But as the effects of the disaster of Hurricane Katrina (2005) and controversy over the death of Trayvon Martin (2013) made clear, continuing racial inequality run deeper than one black president could solve.<\/p>\n<p><em>Post contributed by Karlyn Forner<em>, <\/em>John Hope Franklin Research Center Graduate Intern.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Each Tuesday, PBS is showing the next installment of a six-part series,\u00a0The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross. Written and narrated by Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., the documentary traces African American history from the shores of West Africa to the election of Barack Obama. Join us each week as we feature documents from the\u00a0John &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2013\/12\/04\/african-americans-recap-6\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The African Americans: Rubenstein Recap #6<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":8632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,11],"tags":[469],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-8625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-franklin","category-from-our-collections","tag-pbsafricanamericans"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The African Americans: Rubenstein Recap #6 - The Devil&#039;s Tale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2013\/12\/04\/african-americans-recap-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The African Americans: Rubenstein Recap #6 - The Devil&#039;s Tale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Each Tuesday, PBS is showing the next installment of a six-part series,\u00a0The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross. 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