{"id":18006,"date":"2026-03-19T12:02:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T16:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/?p=18006"},"modified":"2026-03-19T12:02:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T16:02:09","slug":"sterilization-and-the-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Sterilization and the State"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Post contributed by Jessica Brabble, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of History, College of William &amp; Mary . Jessica was a recipient of an Elon Clark History of Medicine Travel Grant.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18010\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18010\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18010 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Human-Sterilization_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog-300x283.png\" alt=\"Excerpt from a pamphlet under the heading &quot;Human Sterilization&quot; discussing eugenicist ideas including &quot;race degeneration.&quot; The font and design seem from the early 20th century\" width=\"300\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Human-Sterilization_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Human-Sterilization_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.png 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18010\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pamphlet, published by the Human Betterment Foundation, explaining why human sterilization is \u201cneeded\u201d. Found in the John S. Bradway Papers.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Shortly after the end of World War II, some of North Carolina\u2019s most powerful businessmen and physicians felt the state was facing a major problem. The state\u2019s \u00a0young men faced a high rate of rejection by Selective Service during the War for physical disabilities or \u201cmental causes,\u201d leading to worries that Carolinian men were inferior (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.lib.duke.edu\/catalog\/bradshaw_aspace_ref191_stw\">Herbert Clarence Bradshaw Papers<\/a>). In response, Winston-Salem native James G. Hanes and Procter &amp; Gamble heir, Clarence Gamble, joined forces to create the Human Betterment League of North Carolina.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to the very generous <a href=\"https:\/\/library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/history-of-medicine\/grants\">History of Medicine<\/a> travel grant, I recently traveled to Durham to consult collections on eugenics and public health at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library for my dissertation, \u201c\u2019Her Best Crop\u2019: Eugenics, Agricultural Programming, and Child Welfare in North Carolina, 1900-1964.\u201d My research analyzes the connection between agriculture and eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century. I\u2019m particularly interested in how organizations like the Better Babies Bureau and 4-H integrated ideas about eugenics into programming offered to rural youth. Many of the individuals in charge of such programming were involved in the Human Betterment League, leading me to these documents in the Rubenstein Library.<\/p>\n<p>Founded in 1947, The Human Betterment League of North Carolina was created to address the \u201cconcern for disturbing conditions already prevalent [among North Carolina\u2019s men] but brought to public knowledge and attention\u201d by World War II. The organization quickly got to work in studying North Carolina\u2019s population to determine why men were being rejected from the draft at such high rates. According to their studies, there was a \u201cdisturbing incidence of mental disabilities\u201d among North Carolina\u2019s children, leading the League to throw their full support behind North Carolina\u2019s sterilization laws (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.lib.duke.edu\/catalog\/bradshaw_aspace_ref191_stw\">Herbert Clarence Bradshaw Papers<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalnc.org\/primary-source-sets\/the-eugenics-movement-in-north-carolina\/\">These laws<\/a>, first passed in 1929 and updated in 1937, allowed the state to sterilize individuals considered \u201cdefective\u201d or a \u201cburden\u201d on the state. This intentionally broad definition meant that a wide array of people\u2014including non-white, poor, or disabled people\u2014were targeted.<\/p>\n<p>The Human Betterment League went on to publish a wide variety of pamphlets and advertisements that attempted to positively spin sterilization as a way to prevent \u201cunwanted\u201d children and improve the lives of \u201cdefective\u201d patients. One pamphlet touted that \u201cfamilies of the sterilized patients likewise approve almost universally of the operation\u2026many of the feebleminded girls have married after sterilization and these marriages have been reasonably successful\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.lib.duke.edu\/catalog\/uabradjs_aspace_ref657_mwf\">John S. Bradway Papers<\/a>). By 1957, more than <a href=\"https:\/\/northcarolinahistory.org\/encyclopedia\/human-betterment-league-of-north-carolina\/\">575,000 pieces of literature<\/a> had been distributed by the League.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18011\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18011\" style=\"width: 678px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18011 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg\" alt=\"Color-coded map of North Carolina showing infant mortality by county.\" width=\"678\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg 678w, https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18011\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of North Carolina Depicting Infant Mortality Rates by County from 1951-1955<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ironically, North Carolina seemed to be facing an infant mortality crisis at the same time as the Human Betterment League was promoting sterilization practices. The above image, found in <a href=\"https:\/\/find.library.duke.edu\/catalog\/DUKE001801221\">Elizabeth Roberts Papers<\/a>, shows us that infant mortality was devastatingly high in the state. Over half of all counties experiencing 30 or more infant deaths per 1,000 live births between 1951-1955, yet the Human Betterment League persisted in campaigning for sterilization well into the 1970s. By 1988, the League had disbanded, but its history is well preserved thanks to places like the Rubenstein Library.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Post contributed by Jessica Brabble, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of History, College of William &amp; Mary . Jessica was a recipient of an Elon Clark History of Medicine Travel Grant.\u00a0 Shortly after the end of World War II, some of North Carolina\u2019s most powerful businessmen and physicians felt the state was facing a major problem. The &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Sterilization and the State<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":198,"featured_media":18011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[551,11,83,26],"tags":[],"coauthors":[653],"class_list":["post-18006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-from-our-collections","category-history-of-medicine","category-grants"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sterilization and the State - The Devil&#039;s Tale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sterilization and the State - The Devil&#039;s Tale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Post contributed by Jessica Brabble, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of History, College of William &amp; Mary . Jessica was a recipient of an Elon Clark History of Medicine Travel Grant.\u00a0 Shortly after the end of World War II, some of North Carolina\u2019s most powerful businessmen and physicians felt the state was facing a major problem. The &hellip; Continue reading Sterilization and the State &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Devil&#039;s Tale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-19T16:02:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"678\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"442\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kate Collins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@rubensteinlib\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rubensteinlib\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kate Collins\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kate Collins\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6420ea943e92f31029cd9431666ab2\"},\"headline\":\"Sterilization and the State\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-19T16:02:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\"},\"wordCount\":592,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Featured\",\"From Our Collections\",\"History of Medicine\",\"Travel Grants\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\",\"name\":\"Sterilization and the State - The Devil&#039;s Tale\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-19T16:02:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6420ea943e92f31029cd9431666ab2\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg\",\"width\":678,\"height\":442,\"caption\":\"Map of North Carolina Depicting Infant Mortality Rates by County from 1951-1955\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sterilization and the State\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/\",\"name\":\"The Devil&#039;s Tale\",\"description\":\"Dispatches from the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Duke University\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6420ea943e92f31029cd9431666ab2\",\"name\":\"Kate Collins\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/92e45fdf53d6833d22a65fddaad61124\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/21664a2d823e5108dfce8edc66b30ec91282e4c72decf2b6191c5c772ef47038?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/21664a2d823e5108dfce8edc66b30ec91282e4c72decf2b6191c5c772ef47038?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kate Collins\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/author\/kc139duke-edu\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Sterilization and the State - The Devil&#039;s Tale","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sterilization and the State - The Devil&#039;s Tale","og_description":"Post contributed by Jessica Brabble, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of History, College of William &amp; Mary . Jessica was a recipient of an Elon Clark History of Medicine Travel Grant.\u00a0 Shortly after the end of World War II, some of North Carolina\u2019s most powerful businessmen and physicians felt the state was facing a major problem. The &hellip; Continue reading Sterilization and the State &rarr;","og_url":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/","og_site_name":"The Devil&#039;s Tale","article_published_time":"2026-03-19T16:02:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":678,"height":442,"url":"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Kate Collins","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@rubensteinlib","twitter_site":"@rubensteinlib","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kate Collins","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/"},"author":{"name":"Kate Collins","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6420ea943e92f31029cd9431666ab2"},"headline":"Sterilization and the State","datePublished":"2026-03-19T16:02:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/"},"wordCount":592,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg","articleSection":["Featured","From Our Collections","History of Medicine","Travel Grants"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/","url":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/","name":"Sterilization and the State - The Devil&#039;s Tale","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg","datePublished":"2026-03-19T16:02:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6420ea943e92f31029cd9431666ab2"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/files\/2026\/03\/Infant-Mortality_NC_Duke-Rubenstein-Blog.jpg","width":678,"height":442,"caption":"Map of North Carolina Depicting Infant Mortality Rates by County from 1951-1955"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/2026\/03\/19\/sterilization-and-the-state\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sterilization and the State"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/","name":"The Devil&#039;s Tale","description":"Dispatches from the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Duke University","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/ef6420ea943e92f31029cd9431666ab2","name":"Kate Collins","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/92e45fdf53d6833d22a65fddaad61124","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/21664a2d823e5108dfce8edc66b30ec91282e4c72decf2b6191c5c772ef47038?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/21664a2d823e5108dfce8edc66b30ec91282e4c72decf2b6191c5c772ef47038?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kate Collins"},"url":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/author\/kc139duke-edu\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/198"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18006"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18014,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18006\/revisions\/18014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18006"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/rubenstein\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=18006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}