This month on the 1091 Project we talk about how we make treatment decisions. Treatment decisions are based on a conservator’s experience with materials, knowledge of treatment options, and understanding of the object as it relates to the collection.
Treatment Goals
Conservators must balance the item’s value to the collection, how and how much it has been or will be used, and to what extent the binding and its contents are at risk for further loss or damage. For any item in the lab we have a few overarching treatment goals:
- Save as much of the original as possible
- Use reversible repair methods as much as possible
- Use high quality repair materials and adhesives
- Repairs should not be stronger than the weakest part of the original
- Create a sympathetic repair that does not obscure the fact that it was done (conservation vs. restoration)
- The repair should facilitate use of the item
From there we ask:
- Can we do it?
- Should we do it?
- How should we proceed?
There is an entire chapter to write just about this section, but let’s move on to the process of making a treatment decision for one book from our general (circulating) collections workflow.
Condition Review
Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, volume VI (London, 1869)
This book came to the lab because someone used packing tape to repair the damaged spine. The fragile leather binding tore off the book as a result.
The binding is a hollow-back binding in quarter leather with tight joints. The leather is weakened and failing; the marbled papers over the boards are abraded; the corners are worn; the spine and boards are off the text block; and the spine has been heavily taped with fresh packing tape, the carrier and adhesive are present, and the adhesive is very sticky.
The text block is made with wove paper and is borderline brittle and oversewn; the paste downs and flyleaf have detached; the spine adhesive and linings are intact; the sewing is intact except for the first and last few pages; the printer’s ink is stable; there are foldouts, some of them are misfolded with damaged edges; several pages at the front and back have multiple tears.
Treatment Options
Can we do it?
The two biggest problems with this book are the tape and the oversewing. If removed, the adhesive on the packing tape will take the fragile, thinly-pared leather with it resulting in a time consuming repair. Oversewing creates a very inflexible spine that restricts the opening and puts tremendous stress on the first few pages, resulting in breaks at the bound edge that are difficult to repair because of the stitching. The fastest, most economical and most practical option may be to replace the binding, but the oversewing will continue to be problematic.
The borderline brittle paper worries me. Because they are stronger than the substrate, repairs can provide a breaking edge for brittle paper. Although this paper is slightly brittle, it still has some flexibility. I think we can repair the page tears and fold-outs but it will take a lot of time.
Should we do it?
The information in this book is likely more valued than the binding by researchers. This book has only five circulations on its record. I could check with the biology librarian whether this may be a faculty favorite, it seems likely that it is.
The new binding and paper repairs will take an estimated 3-4 hours of bench time. I have one technician for the entire general collections workflow (5+ million books). Is this one book worth repairing three or four others that may have higher circulation records? Good question.
We can defer the treatment until its next use. All the parts are here, and though the boards and some pages are detached the book can be carefully used. We could make a protective enclosure (about 15 minutes of time) and put it back as-is if we think that its future use is likely not going to be high.
How should we proceed?
Readers, what do you think? Weigh the issues and options and leave your thoughts in the comments. Head over to Parks Library Preservation to find out how they make decisions.
Would you consider clipping some of the binding threads to weaken the strength of the oversewing? It could increase the risk of pages coming out but they would likely come out intact, rather than torn.
And thanks for posting a decision challenge like this. I see this kind of thing all the time where the extent of the damage and the relatively lesser value of the book makes for difficult treatment decision.
Clipping the threads might work, I’ve never tried that. It would still be very time consuming, this thing is really very well stitched and heavily glued. I’m not sure you would be getting much bang for your buck by doing that.
It can be very complicated making these decisions sometimes. I think the fact that it is readily available in electronic format trumps about everything other than making an enclosure. The only issue that would change my mind is the faculty piece, if it is important for one of our faculty to have it in paper, we would consider treating it. I think it is difficult to force some faculty into using electronic surrogates sometimes, and we usually defer to their needs.
What use are you making of digital surrogates? Given your staffing and the time involved to do it “right” something that will vary greatly based on each library’s practices, resources, …
Your volume happens to be freely available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/45493. Would you box and put in a link to the online version in the series record?
Extensive repair like this for a circulating collections item, especially a serial publication with little/no circulation seems very disproportionate. If it were a special collections item we would be much more likely to put the effort in, but only in consultation with the curators…
So, bottom line, my inclination would be to house, link to digital, and treat if needed when prompted by an actual use.
Thanks Peter. Right now we don’t have much in the way of a workflow for adding links to digital content. This is for a variety of reasons, our distributed workflow, Aleph access and permissions issues, even looking items up like this one to see if they are available digitally can, in the aggregate, take a lot of time.
I agree with you that it does seem like a lengthy repair for all the reasons you mention. We have labs here where the faculty basically have year-long charges and they keep them in their labs/offices for their research use. Would your answer change if all five circulations were by one faculty member who uses it for research in the lab?
To answer your question, yes, but. If new E was available I would definitely treat. In this case finding E was easy and would encourage faculty to use that if possible. Would also give others a chance to use it, rather than having them hog it in their office. 😉
Searching and other admin task time are a big issue, in particular who does it. Preservation? Bibliographers/Selectors???
p.
Who does it is THE question. We go round and round about that. I tried at one point to ask the selectors, but they never chose any option except “box it.” So that is what we mostly fall back on. What do you do there Peter?
We’re trying to figure that bit out too…
Let me know when you do!