{"id":3439,"date":"2016-01-29T16:30:25","date_gmt":"2016-01-29T21:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/bitstreams\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2016-01-29T16:30:32","modified_gmt":"2016-01-29T21:30:32","slug":"3439","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/bitstreams\/2016\/01\/29\/3439\/","title":{"rendered":"It’s Date Night Here at Digital Projects and Production Services"},"content":{"rendered":"

Now, I know last week\u2019s Bitstreams post<\/a> about metadata and date encoding left you wanting to know more about Duke Digital Collections date metadata, the Extended Date Time Format<\/a>, and how we are planning to apply it. Well, don\u2019t you worry – I\u2019m going to talk about it now in scintillating detail. <\/span><\/p>\n

As Cory talked about\u00a0last week, we have a lot of inconsistent, \u201csquishy\u201d date metadata in use in our digital collections, squishy both in terms of what those dates <\/span>mean<\/span><\/i> and how they are represented. This is a problem when you want to do fun stuff with your dates, like create facets and visualizations, or, um, retrieve reliably comprehensive search results when looking for everything from a time period. So we\u2019re beginning\u00a0the process of normalizing all of that data, but as we\u2019re talking about special collections materials, date squishiness is not an uncommon occurrence, \u00a0it is inherent to the materials, and we need to be able to represent it programmatically.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are 12,146 unique date values present in our digital collections metadata, and these values range from very machine-processable – \u201cJanuary 1, 1936\u201d or \u201c1971-1972\u201d, \u00a0– to a lot less so – \u201c[ca. late 1880s]\u201d or \u201c[1950s] Nov. 22]\u201d, along with a plethora of values all meaning the same thing – \u201cn.d.\u201d, \u201cNone\u201d, \u201cundated\u201d, \u201cUnknown\u201d, etc (along with one inscrutable instance of the word “Philadelphia”). In order to begin the process of normalizing the data, we identified the main patterns those dates took, and came up with a list of 38 rough patterns into which all but 178 values fell. Next we took a stab at converting those patterns to EDTF. The following represents the great bulk of our data:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pattern<\/b><\/td>\nEDTF<\/b><\/td>\nDisplay Example<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy<\/span><\/td>\n1910<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy-yyyy; yyyy\/yyyy<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy\/yyyy<\/span><\/td>\n1910-1913<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mm\/dd\/yy; yyyy Mon. dd; yyyy-mm-dd; dd-Mon-yy<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy-mm-dd<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 1910<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy Mon. dd?<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy-mm-dd?<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 1910?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy Mon dd-dd<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy-mm-dd\/yyyy-mm-dd<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1, 1910 to January 3, 1910<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy-mm; yyyy Mon.; yyyy\/mm<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy-mm<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1910<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy Mon.?<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy-mm?<\/span><\/td>\nJanuary 1910?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ca. yyyy; circa yyyy<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy~<\/span><\/td>\nCirca 1910<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy?; [yyyy?]<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy?<\/span><\/td>\n1910?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[yyyy\/yyyy?]<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy?\/yyyy?<\/span><\/td>\n1910 to 1913?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyy or yyyy<\/span><\/td>\n[yyyy,yyyy]<\/span><\/td>\n1910 or 1913<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyx; yyy?; yyy_?; yyy?; [yyy-]<\/span><\/td>\nyyyu<\/span><\/td>\n191x<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
yyyys<\/span><\/td>\nyyyx<\/span><\/td>\n1910s<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
circa yyyy-yyyy; yyyy-yyyy and n.d.<\/span><\/td>\nyyyy~\/yyyy~<\/span><\/td>\nCirca 1910 to 1913<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

As you can see above, the specification\u00a0accommodated most of the patterns we identified, but when we tried to encode more nuanced dates, we discovered that\u00a0couldn’t quite take the encoding as far as we wanted.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, one pattern that shows up in our metadata frequently looks like this:<\/p>\n

Circa 1940s-1950s<\/strong><\/p>\n

A decade encoded in EDTF looks like this:<\/p>\n

194x (for 1940s)<\/strong><\/p>\n

and we can encode a circa date like this:<\/span><\/p>\n

1940~ (for circa 1940)<\/strong><\/p>\n

But we can’t combine the two formats\u00a0– the following is not a valid EDTF date:<\/span><\/p>\n

194x~ (for circa 1940s)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ideally, the specification would allow us to create an encoded date that looked like the above date, as well as this:<\/span><\/p>\n

194x~\/195x~ (for circa 1940s to 1950s)<\/strong><\/p>\n

We can work around this deficiency by stripping ‘circa’ from the date ranges and using the ‘unspecified’ encoding:<\/p>\n

194u\/195u (which we can\u00a0translate to display as:\u00a01940s to 1950s)<\/strong><\/p>\n

But this approach isn’t ideal, as it is inconsistent with our other usage of the format and isn’t technically ‘correct’, either. Happily, the EDTF specification is open for modification and proposals for modifications are still being taken. A quick glance at the listserv archives<\/a> indicates that we’re not the only people trying to encode this kind of squishiness.<\/p>\n

In the meantime, we can keep ourselves busy with cleaning up, normalizing, and converting the great bulk of our date metadata, as well as dealing with those 178 outliers individually. We still feel good about using EDTF – it’s a LOT better than our current date situation, and has some good room for improvement, as well. Pretty solid for a first date, I’d say.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Now, I know last week\u2019s Bitstreams post about metadata and date encoding left you wanting to know more about Duke Digital Collections date metadata, the Extended Date Time Format, and how we are planning to apply it. Well, don\u2019t you worry – I\u2019m going to talk about it now in scintillating detail. As Cory talked … Continue reading It’s Date Night Here at Digital Projects and Production Services<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":246,"featured_media":3449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[71],"class_list":["post-3439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-metadata"],"yoast_head":"\nIt's Date Night Here at Digital Projects and Production Services - Bitstreams: The Digital Collections Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/bitstreams\/2016\/01\/29\/3439\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"It's Date Night Here at Digital Projects and Production Services - Bitstreams: The Digital Collections Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Now, I know last week\u2019s Bitstreams post about metadata and date encoding left you wanting to know more about Duke Digital Collections date metadata, the Extended Date Time Format, and how we are planning to apply it. 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